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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, substance abuse) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Medicines Many people with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning in response to medications. It is crucial that people who suffer from ADHD discover the right combination of medication that works for them. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. These stimulants are available in liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine taken once a day to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of medications can be used by itself or in conjunction with stimulants to enhance their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as alprazolam and clonidine can also be utilized to treat adults with ADHD. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and can improve focus, and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. However, these medications can result in a drop in blood pressure when they are suddenly stopped or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual talk therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD, as well as resentment toward co-workers, supervisors, teachers and family members who may nag or criticize them. Additionally counseling for marriage and families can help couples suffering from ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD is designed to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also aid those with ADHD to overcome the low self-esteem and sense of failure that is often associated with this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy helps people change their negative thoughts and emotions that are causing difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been proven effective in treating various illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. It can be used on its own or in combination with other therapies. CBT can involve group therapy, which can be particularly beneficial for people with ADHD as it offers the chance to connect with others who are facing similar issues and learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults suffering from ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting measures like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. CBT has been compared to other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD. All of these studies have shown significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, with effect sizes that range from moderate to large. These improvements were linked to a variety modalities including cognitive and interpersonal therapy, social skills training, problem solving training, and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is required when comparing the effectiveness of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that the differences in outcome results are due to a variety of variables that include the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used and the background of the patient. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is a lack or excess of activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues that may be contributing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy approaches that can help improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and build lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage self-destructive, impulsive and negative behavior that can create problems at work or school. In some cases psychotherapy can be used as an adjunct to medication for adult adhd treatment for adults. Patients suffering from multiple disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure that their symptoms aren't aggravated through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and seizures in the past, need to be treated with more vigor because they are more at risk for complications from the medication. In-depth outpatient programs could be recommended if the person's ADHD is such that it hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer structured treatment that is more intense than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time planning, impulse control and executive functioning. It helps them recognize and express their emotions, and it uses exercises and worksheets to make the lessons interesting. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT and improves the ability of a person to concentrate and manage their emotions. It also improves a person's ability to handle the effects of stress and arousal. It can help them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions that could be causing their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD often report difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to impacting work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and can cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you build confidence in yourself and address the root of the issue. It will also help you develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD and helps them change their negative beliefs and behavior. Particularly, it concentrates on teaching you to use strategies to manage your time and eliminate the distortions in your thinking that cause negative moods and a perception of limited choices. Many adults with ADHD also suffer from anxiety or depression. These psychiatric conditions can cause or decrease the effectiveness of some treatments for ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and monitor the response to treatment prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you learn how to manage your life and your work, establish regular routines, manage your money and time and develop a positive self-image. It can help you master ways to relax that could reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Similarly, yoga and other exercise can help you improve your focus by ensuring your body is stable in various poses. Marriage and family counseling can address the issues adults with ADHD often create for their spouses, children and other family members. They frequently complain of being unstable, unorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. You can strengthen your relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. It can help you and your family members to understand that the issues are caused by ADHD and not an inability to care or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medication interventions. A wide range of medications are available for adults with ADHD, and some of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults who suffer from ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children do, but it is difficult to identify since childhood symptoms may not last into adulthood. Adults suffering from ADHD may also not have a family history of the disorder or might not remember the symptoms. It is essential to take an extensive medical history to determine whether the symptoms are caused by an illness such as thyroid problems or sleep apnea, and vision problems. adhd symptoms in adults treatment suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. The stimulants have the highest response rates for adults with ADHD. untreated adhd in adults depression between 70 and 70% to 80%. The most frequently used stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate may also be administered through a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the daytime. Nonstimulant medications for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that target norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine is the most studied tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a medication with a low dose which should be increased each seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, has been shown to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking the reuptake process of norepinephrine by the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its presence in the brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.